中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform

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五、深化財稅體制改革	V. Deepening the Reform of the Fiscal and Taxation Systems
財政是國家治理的基礎和重要支柱，科學的財稅體制是優化資源配置、維護市場統一、促進社會公平、實現國家長治久安的制度保障。必須完善立法、明確事權、改革稅制、穩定稅負、透明預算、提高效率，建立現代財政制度，發揮中央和地方兩個積極性。	Finance is the foundation and an important pillar of state governance. Good fiscal and taxation systems are the institutional guarantee for optimizing resources allocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity, and realizing enduring peace and stability. We must improve legislation, clarify powers and responsibilities, reform the taxation system, stabilize tax burdens, have transparent budgets, increase efficiency, and establish a modern fiscal system to mobilize the initiative of both the central and local governments.
（17）改進預算管理制度。實施全面規范、公開透明的預算制度。審核預算的重點由平衡狀態、赤字規模向支出預算和政策拓展。清理規范重點支出同財政收支增幅或生產總值掛鉤事項，一般不采取掛鉤方式。建立跨年度預算平衡機制，建立權責發生制的政府綜合財務報告制度，建立規范合理的中央和地方政府債務管理及風險預警機制。	17. Improving the budget management system. We will adopt a completely standardized, open and transparent budget system. The focus of budget review will be extended from fiscal balance and deficit scale to expenditure budget and fiscal policies. We will clear up major expenditures that are linked to increases in financial revenues or GDP, and normally we will not link them up. We will establish a cross-year budget balance mechanism, a comprehensive government financial reporting system on accrual basis, and a standardized and reasonable debt management and risk early warning mechanism for both central and local governments.
完善一般性轉移支付增長機制，重點增加對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區的轉移支付。中央出臺增支政策形成的地方財力缺口，原則上通過一般性轉移支付調節。清理、整合、規范專項轉移支付項目，逐步取消競爭性領域專項和地方資金配套，嚴格控制引導類、救濟類、應急類專項，對保留專項進行甄別，屬地方事務的劃入一般性轉移支付。	We will improve the general transfer payments growth mechanism, and mainly increase the transfer payments to old revolutionary base areas, regions inhabited by ethnic minorities in compact communities, border areas and poverty-stricken areas. Local fiscal gaps caused by the central authority's policy of increasing spending will be filled by general transfer payments in principle. We will tidy up, integrate and regulate special transfer payments projects, gradually cancel special matching funds and matching funds from local government in competitive areas. We will rigorously control special transfer payments for guiding, relief and emergency purposes, and screen the remaining special transfer payments and include them in the category of general transfer payments if they concern local affairs.
（18）完善稅收制度。深化稅收制度改革，完善地方稅體系，逐步提高直接稅比重。推進增值稅改革，適當簡化稅率。調整消費稅征收范圍、環節、稅率，把高耗能、高污染產品及部分高檔消費品納入征收范圍。逐步建立綜合與分類相結合的個人所得稅制。加快房地產稅立法并適時推進改革，加快資源稅改革，推動環境保護費改稅。	18. Improving the taxation system. We will deepen the reform of the taxation system, improve the local tax system, and gradually increase the proportion of direct tax. We will promote the reform of value-added tax, and simplify tax rate appropriately. We will adjust the collection scope, procedures and rates of consumption tax, and impose this tax on products that consume too much energy and cause serious pollution as well as some high-end consumer goods. We will establish an individual income tax system in which taxable income is defined in both comprehensive and categorized ways, accelerate real estate tax legislation and push the related reform forward in a timely manner. We will accelerate resource tax reform, and change the current environmental protection fee into an environment tax.
按照統一稅制、公平稅負、促進公平競爭的原則，加強對稅收優惠特別是區域稅收優惠政策的規范管理。稅收優惠政策統一由專門稅收法律法規規定，清理規范稅收優惠政策。完善國稅、地稅征管體制。	In line with the principles of unifying taxation, promoting equality in tax burdens and fair competition, we will strengthen management of preferential tax policies, especially regional preferential tax policies. All preferential tax policies will be made clear in taxation laws and regulations and we will sort out existing preferential policies in this regard. We will improve the collection and management system of state and local taxes.
（19）建立事權和支出責任相適應的制度。適度加強中央事權和支出責任，國防、外交、國家安全、關系全國統一市場規則和管理等作為中央事權；部分社會保障、跨區域重大項目建設維護等作為中央和地方共同事權，逐步理順事權關系；區域性公共服務作為地方事權。中央和地方按照事權劃分相應承擔和分擔支出責任。中央可通過安排轉移支付將部分事權支出責任委托地方承擔。對于跨區域且對其他地區影響較大的公共服務，中央通過轉移支付承擔一部分地方事權支出責任。	19. Establishing a system whereby authority of office matches responsibility of expenditure. We will appropriately increase the authority of office and responsibility of expenditure of the central government, including those concerning national defense, foreign affairs, national security, and unified national market rules and management. The authority of office over some social security programs, the construction and maintenance of major trans-regional projects will be shared by the central and local governments, and gradually clarify authority of office in this regard. Regional public services are the responsibilities of local governments. The central and local governments will shoulder their respective expenditure responsibilities according to the division of the authority of office. The central government can delegate some expenditure responsibilities to local governments through transfer payments. In terms of trans-regional public services with great impacts on other regions, the central government will share some of the expenditure responsibilities of local governments through transfer payments.
保持現有中央和地方財力格局總體穩定，結合稅制改革，考慮稅種屬性，進一步理順中央和地方收入劃分。	We will maintain the overall stability of the current financial pattern of the central and local governments, and further rationalize the division of revenues between them through tax reform and taking into consideration the tax categories.