《中國(guó)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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| 五、婦女兒童健康權(quán)益保護(hù) | V. Protecting Women and Children's Right to Health |
| 中國(guó)現(xiàn)有8.6億婦女兒童，約占總?cè)丝诘娜种?。中?guó)政府將男女平等作為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，一貫高度重視婦女兒童的生存和健康狀況，完善婦幼衛(wèi)生法制與政策，簽署多項(xiàng)保護(hù)婦女兒童的國(guó)際公約，健全婦幼衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系，實(shí)施婦幼公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，著力提高婦幼衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的公平性和可及性，促使廣大婦女兒童健康權(quán)益得到有效保護(hù)。 | Currently, China has 860 million women and children, accounting for two thirds of the nation's total population. The Chinese government has established gender equality as a basic national policy, and has always attached great importance to the life and health of women and children. The state strives to improve the legal regime and related policies regarding women and children's healthcare, and has signed many international conventions committed to the protection of women and children. China has improved its health services for women and children, and implemented public health service programs for them, focusing on making these services more equitable and accessible so as to effectively protect women and children's right to health. |
| 完善婦幼衛(wèi)生法制和政策。1994年10月全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)審議通過(guò)母嬰保健法，標(biāo)志著婦幼衛(wèi)生工作進(jìn)入法制化管理階段。20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，中國(guó)政府制定實(shí)施《中國(guó)婦女發(fā)展綱要(1995—2000年)》、《中國(guó)婦女發(fā)展綱要(2001—2010年)》、《中國(guó)婦女發(fā)展綱要(2011—2020年)》和《九十年代中國(guó)兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》、《中國(guó)兒童發(fā)展綱要(2001—2010年)》、《中國(guó)兒童發(fā)展綱要(2011—2020年)》，把婦女兒童健康納入國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，作為優(yōu)先發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域之一。 | The legal regime and related policies regarding women and children's healthcare have been improved. In October 1994, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress reviewed and passed the Law on Healthcare for Mothers and Infants, which signaled that China's management of women and children's affairs had entered a law-based stage. Since the 1990s, the Chinese government has enacted the Program for the Development of Chinese Women (1995-2000), Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2001-2010), Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), Program for the Development of Chinese Children in the 1990s, Program for the Development of Chinese Children (2001-2010) and Program for the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020), giving priority to women and children's health in national programs of economic and social development. |
| 健全婦幼衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系。中國(guó)婦幼衛(wèi)生體系以婦幼保健專(zhuān)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)為核心，以城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)，以大中型綜合醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和相關(guān)科研教學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)為技術(shù)支持，為婦女兒童提供全方位的醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。建立婦幼衛(wèi)生年報(bào)系統(tǒng)和世界上規(guī)模最大的婦幼衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)施出生缺陷監(jiān)測(cè)、孕產(chǎn)婦死亡監(jiān)測(cè)、5歲以下兒童死亡監(jiān)測(cè)、危重孕產(chǎn)婦監(jiān)測(cè)和兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康監(jiān)測(cè)。婦幼衛(wèi)生信息為各級(jí)政府制定衛(wèi)生政策特別是婦幼衛(wèi)生政策提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。 | The health service system for women and children has been improved. China's healthcare system for women and children takes professional women and children's health organizations as its core and is based on community-level urban and rural healthcare services. With technical support from large and medium-sized general hospitals and relevant research and training institutions, the state provides all-round healthcare services for women and children. The country publishes annual reports on women and children's healthcare progress and has developed the world's largest monitoring network in this regard, keeping track of cases of birth defects, deaths of pregnant and lying-in women, deaths of children under five years of age, and complicated cases of pregnant and lying-in women, as well as children's nutrition and health. The information collected on women and children's health has provided a solid statistical basis for governments at all levels to formulate healthcare policies, especially policies on women and children's health. |
| 開(kāi)展婦女生殖保健服務(wù)。積極推廣婚前和孕前保健，普及優(yōu)生優(yōu)育、生殖健康科學(xué)知識(shí)，深入開(kāi)展孕產(chǎn)期保健，形成包括產(chǎn)前檢查、產(chǎn)前篩查與診斷、高危孕產(chǎn)婦篩查與管理、住院分娩、新生兒保健和產(chǎn)后訪視在內(nèi)的一整套孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)。2011年全國(guó)孕產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)前檢查率、產(chǎn)后訪視率和系統(tǒng)管理率分別為93.7％、91.0％和85.2％，比2000年分別提高4.81％、5.57％和10.36％，高危孕產(chǎn)婦管理率達(dá)到了99.6％。開(kāi)展“降低孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率、消除新生兒破傷風(fēng)”項(xiàng)目，消除了孕產(chǎn)婦及新生兒破傷風(fēng)。2011年，全國(guó)孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率為26.1／10萬(wàn)，比1990年和2000年下降了72.4％和50.8％。開(kāi)展婦女病普查普治、青春期保健和更老年期保健等，為廣大婦女提供全生命周期服務(wù)。 | The reproductive health services for women are provided. China has proactively promoted premarital and pre-pregnancy healthcare, and has been publicizing knowledge on prenatal and postnatal care, and reproductive health. Intensive healthcare services for pregnant and lying-in women are available, and a complete array of services for pregnant and lying-in women has been developed, covering prenatal examination, prenatal defect screening and diagnosis, screening and management of high-risk pregnant and lying-in women, hospitalized delivery, infant healthcare and postnatal home visits. In 2011, a total of 93.7%, 91.0% and 85.2% of pregnant and lying-in women, respectively, received prenatal examinations, postnatal home visits and other medical management services in China, 4.81%, 5.57% and 10.36% higher than the statistics of 2000. The percentage of high-risk pregnant and lying-in women included in the medical management program has reached 99.6%. China has carried out a program to "lower the maternal mortality and eliminate neonatal tetanus," which achieved the desired effects. The maternal mortality rate in 2011 was 26.1 per 100,000, dropping 72.4% and 50.8% as compared to 1990 and 2000, respectively. The state also provides medical services for the screening and treatment of gynecological diseases, adolescence health, and climacteric and old-age health, offering services that cover the whole life cycle of Chinese women. |
| 開(kāi)展兒童保健服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)新生兒保健，規(guī)范新生兒訪視服務(wù)。開(kāi)展嬰幼兒及學(xué)齡前兒童保健，實(shí)施7歲以下兒童保健管理和3歲以下兒童系統(tǒng)管理。2011年全國(guó)3歲以下兒童系統(tǒng)管理率和7歲以下兒童保健管理率分別達(dá)到84.6％和85.8％。兒童生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育水平不斷提高，兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良狀況持續(xù)減少。努力控制出生缺陷，提高出生人口素質(zhì)，開(kāi)展新生兒疾病篩查、0—3歲兒童早期綜合發(fā)展、發(fā)育偏離兒童的康復(fù)訓(xùn)練、高危兒早期干預(yù)、食物過(guò)敏的早期干預(yù)、睡眠問(wèn)題干預(yù)、環(huán)境污染對(duì)兒童健康損害的早期干預(yù)以及青春期保健等。關(guān)注和重視留守兒童、流動(dòng)兒童、傷殘兒童等特殊兒童群體的身心健康。 | The healthcare services for children are provided. China has strengthened healthcare for newborns and regularized home-visiting service for newborns. The state offers healthcare services for infants, young children and pre-school children, and exercises health management of children under seven years of age and comprehensive management of children under three years of age. In 2011, some 84.6% of children under three years of age and 85.8% of children under seven years of age received comprehensive health management and medical management services. Chinese children are growing healthier and faster physically, and cases of malnutrition keep declining. The state strives to control birth defects and improve the quality of newborn babies, and has conducted disease screenings for newborns, early development programs for children under three years old, rehabilitation training for children with growth deviation, early-stage intervention for high-risk children, early-stage intervention in cases of food allergy, assistance with sleep problems, early-stage help in case of damage to children's health caused by environmental pollution, and adolescence healthcare, among others. Children whose parents seek employment away from home, children who live with their migrant-worker parents, disabled children and other special groups of children also receive attention and help from the state both physically and mentally. |
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