《中國的醫療衛生事業》白皮書
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
0 
調整字號大小: 
| 三、傳染病防治與衛生應急 | III. Infectious Disease Prevention and Treatment, and Health Emergency Management |
| 新中國成立以來，中國政府堅持“預防為主，防治結合”方針，不斷加大傳染病防治力度，通過開展預防接種和愛國衛生運動等防控措施，降低了傳染病發病率，有效控制了傳染病的流行和蔓延。自20世紀50年代起，基本控制了鼠疫、霍亂、黑熱病、麻風病等疾病的流行。2011年甲類和乙類傳染病發病率控制在241.4/10萬的較低水平，有力保障了廣大居民的身體健康和生命安全。 | Since the founding of New China, the Chinese government has persisted in the principle of "prevention first and integrating prevention with treatment" and continuously intensified efforts in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. By preventive inoculation, patriotic health campaigns and other prevention and control measures, China has succeeded in bringing down the morbidity of infectious diseases and brought their spread under control. China has basically brought under control the epidemics of such diseases as plague, cholera, kala-azar and leprosy since the 1950s. In 2011, the morbidity of Class A and B infectious diseases was kept at a low level - 241.4 per 100,000 people. All these measures help to safeguard the Chinese people's health and life. |
| 實施國家免疫規劃。免疫規劃工作是中國衛生事業成效最為顯著、影響最為廣泛的工作之一。20世紀60年代初，中國通過接種牛痘消滅了天花，較世界衛生組織1980年宣布全球根除天花早了十幾年。2000年，中國實現了無脊髓灰質炎目標。2002年，中國決定將新生兒乙肝疫苗納入國家免疫規劃，國家免疫規劃由接種4種疫苗預防6種傳染病，擴大到接種5種疫苗預防7種傳染病。2007年，國家決定實施擴大國家免疫規劃，國家免疫規劃疫苗增加到14種，預防15種傳染病，免疫規劃人群也從兒童擴展到成人。新一輪醫改啟動以來，國家免疫規劃內容不斷擴大，對于減少傳染病發生、保護公眾身體健康起到了積極作用，目前多數疫苗可預防傳染病的發病已降至歷史最低水平。 | National immunization program has been implemented. The national immunization program represents one of the most notable and influential undertakings of China's healthcare work. In the early 1960s, China eliminated smallpox through vaccine inoculation, a dozen years ahead before the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the eradication of the disease in 1980. China attained the goal of eliminating poliomyelitis in 2000. In 2002, the Chinese government decided to include hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn in the national immunization program, increasing the number of four vaccines against six infectious diseases to five vaccines against seven infectious diseases. In 2007, China decided to further expand the scope of the program, increasing the number of vaccines to 14 to prevent 15 infectious diseases and extending the scope of vaccination from children to including adults. Since the launch of the new round of medical reform, the scope of the national immunization program has kept expanding, and it has played a positive role in reducing the morbidity of infectious diseases and improving the health of the public. Already, the morbidity of most infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccination has fallen to the lowest level in history. |
| 重點傳染病地方病得到有效控制。艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病、包蟲病、麻風病、瘧疾等重大及重點傳染病患者獲得免費藥物治療。截至2011年，中國存活艾滋病病毒感染者和病人約為78萬人，遠低于將艾滋病病毒感染人數控制在150萬以內的目標。傳染性肺結核患病率降至66/10萬，提前實現了聯合國千年發展目標確定的結核病控制指標。所有血吸蟲病流行縣實現疫情控制目標，血吸蟲病病人控制在32.6萬。率先在全球83個絲蟲病流行國家和地區中消除了絲蟲病。提升以監測為核心的流感防控能力，2010年，中國疾病預防控制中心國家流感中心被正式命名為全球第五個流感參比和研究中心。穩步推進地方病防治工作，在國家層面實現消除碘缺乏病目標，大骨節病、克山病和氟中毒等病情得到有效控制，發病患者顯著減少。 | Major infectious and endemic diseases have been brought under effective control. Patients of many major infectious diseases, such as AIDS, tuberculosis, snail fever, hydatid disease, leprosy and malaria, are provided medicines and treatment free of charge. In 2011, China's living HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients were estimated at 780,000, far below China's goal of controlling the HIV-infected population within 1.5 million. The morbidity of infectious tuberculosis has fallen to only 66 per 100,000 people, attaining the goal defined in the UN Millennium Development Goals ahead of time. All counties where epidemics of snail fever used to break out have attained the goal of bringing under control such epidemics, limiting the number of snail fever patients to 326,000. China took the lead in eradicating filariasis among the 83 countries where epidemics of filariasis hit. China keeps improving its capabilities of influenza control and prevention, taking monitoring at the major task. In 2010, the National Influenza Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was officially nominated the fifth WHO Collaboration Center for Reference and Research on Influenza. China steadily promotes endemic disease prevention and treatment. It has eradicated the diseases caused by iodine deficiency at the national level, and brought under effective control of Kashin-Beck disease, Keshan disease and fluorine poisoning, notably reducing the incidence of these diseases. |
| 愛國衛生運動卓有成效。愛國衛生運動是中國公眾廣泛參與、與公眾健康密切相關的社會公益事業，迄今已開展60年。愛國衛生運動堅持預防為主的方針，通過開展除害滅病、健康教育和健康促進、農村改水改廁、國家衛生城鎮創建、城鄉環境衛生整治等，降低了傳染病危害，提高了居民健康水平，形成了愛國衛生人人參與、健康生活人人共享的良好局面。截至目前，中國累計命名153個國家衛生城市、32個國家衛生區和456個國家衛生鎮(縣城)，并在此基礎上探索國家健康城市(鎮)創建工作。 | Patriotic health campaign has gained fruitful results. Patriotic health campaign, an invention of China that has been in existence for 60 years so far, is a social welfare undertaking featuring massive public participation and a close relationship with the public health. Following the principle of taking prevention first, the campaign has reduced the hazards of infectious diseases and promoted the public health through a series of measures, such as exterminating pests, health education and promotion, improving rural water supply and sanitation, building "healthy cities and towns," and improving the environmental hygiene in both urban and rural areas. A wholesome atmosphere is taking shape, with everyone participating in the campaign and enjoying a healthy lifestyle. Now, China is exploring a better working mechanism for building "healthy cities and towns," based on the 153 cities, 32 districts and 456 towns (counties) that have been nominated "healthy" for their wholesome surroundings. |
| 衛生應急水平全面提高。頒布突發事件應對法、突發公共衛生事件應急條例等法律法規，修訂傳染病防治法，推動衛生應急工作走上法制化和規范化軌道。以疾病預防控制體系、衛生監督體系和醫療體系為基礎，初步建成統一指揮、布局合理、反應靈敏、運轉高效、保障有力的突發公共事件衛生應急體系。建立完善衛生應急預案體系，覆蓋突發急性傳染病、不明原因疾病、中毒事件等突發公共衛生事件防控以及自然災害、事故災難、恐怖事件的醫療衛生救援和重大活動醫療衛生保障。建立國家、省(自治區、直轄市)、地(市)、縣四級應急管理體制。建立衛生應急能力評估指標體系。國家組建了傳染病控制、醫療救援、中毒處置、核和放射處置等4類27支國家級衛生應急隊伍，地方也組建了各級突發公共事件衛生應急專業隊伍。國家醫藥儲備制度日趨完善，保障了應對突發公共衛生事件所需的醫藥產品。近年來，中國有效處置了傳染性非典型肺炎、甲型H1N1流感、鼠疫、人禽流感等突發公共衛生事件，及時開展四川汶川特大地震、青海玉樹地震、甘肅舟曲特大山洪泥石流災害的緊急醫學救援，順利完成北京奧運會、上海世博會等大型活動的醫療衛生保障任務。 | Health emergency management capability has been enhanced. China is striving to make its health emergency management more standard and law-based by issuing the Law on Emergency Management and the Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Public Health Emergencies, and amending the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Based on the disease prevention and control system, the public health monitoring system and the medical service system, China has basically set up a response system for public health emergencies featuring unified leadership, reasonable distribution, quick response, efficient operation and powerful logistics. China has established and improved health emergency plans, which cover the prevention and control of such public health emergencies as acute infectious disease emergencies, diseases with unknown causes and poisoning incidents, medical rescue in case of natural disasters, disastrous accidents and terrorist attacks, and medical services for important events. A four-level emergency management system has been established that covers the national, provincial, city and county levels. Also has been established is the public health emergency response ability assessment system. The central government has organized 27 teams for health emergencies to respond to four categories of incidents, namely, infectious disease control, medical rescue, poisoning treatment, and nuclear and radiation accident handling. Local governments have also set up professional teams to handle health emergencies at their respective levels. China's medicine reserve system keeps improving, ensuring sufficient supply of medicines for health emergencies. In the past few years, China has successfully dealt with many public health emergencies, especially pandemic threats of infectious diseases, including SARS, H1N1, plague and avian influenza, carried out urgent medical rescues for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, 2010 Yushu earthquake in Qinghai Province and 2010 Zhouqu mudslide in Gansu Province, and provided medical services for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai Expo. |
| 法定傳染病和突發公共衛生事件實現網絡直報。2004年，中國啟用傳染病和突發公共衛生事件網絡直報系統，實現對39種法定傳染病病例個案信息和突發公共衛生事件的實時、在線監測。截至2011年，全國100％的疾病預防控制機構、98％的縣級及以上醫療機構和94％的鄉鎮衛生院實現了法定傳染病網絡直報。 | Online direct report system has been enforced for notifiable infectious diseases and public health emergencies. The online direct report system, which puts the 39 infectious diseases defined by law and public health emergencies under real-time and online surveillance, was not available in China until 2004. By 2011, the online direct reporting of infectious diseases had been extended to all disease prevention and control institutes, 98% of medical institutions at and above the county level, and 94% of township clinics in China. |
| 跳轉至目錄 >> | Back to Contents >> |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)
No comments.
