《中國的能源政策（2012）》白皮書
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012

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三、全面推進能源節約	III. All-round Promotion of Energy Conservation
中國人口眾多、資源相對不足，要實現能源資源永續利用和經濟社會可持續發展，必須走節約能源的道路。	China is a country with a large population but relevant deficiency in resources. To attain sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development, it must take the path of conserving energy.
中國始終把節約能源放在優先位置。早在20世紀80年代初，國家就提出了“開發與節約并舉，把節約放在首位”的發展方針。2006年，中國政府發布《關于加強節能工作的決定》。2007年，發布《節能減排綜合性工作方案》，全面部署了工業、建筑、交通等重點領域節能工作。實施“十大節能工程”，推動燃煤工業鍋爐(窯爐)改造、余熱余壓利用、電機系統節能、建筑節能、綠色照明、政府機構節能，形成3.4億噸標準煤的節能能力。開展“千家企業節能行動”，重點企業生產綜合能耗等指標大幅下降，節約能源1.5億噸標準煤。“十一五”期間，單位國內生產總值能耗下降19.1%。	China always puts energy conservation in the first place. In the early 1980s, it put forward the development policy of "stressing both development and saving, with priority given to saving." The Chinese government issued the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Energy Conservation in 2006. It issued the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in 2007, making an all-round plan for the major sectors of energy consumption, such as industry, construction and transportation. China carried out ten key energy-conservation projects, including the innovation of coal-fueled industrial boilers (kilns), surplus heat and pressure utilization, energy saving in electrical motors, construction of energy-saving buildings, the green lighting project, and energy saving in government bodies, thus increasing its energy-conservation capacity to 340 million tons of standard coal. The Chinese government launched an energy conservation drive among 1,000 enterprises, resulting in a sharp decline in the comprehensive energy consumption index of key industries, and saving energy equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. China's energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped 19.1 percent during its 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010).
2011年，中國發布了《“十二五”節能減排綜合性工作方案》，提出“十二五”期間節能減排的主要目標和重點工作，把降低能源強度、減少主要污染物排放總量、合理控制能源消費總量工作有機結合起來，形成“倒逼機制”，推動經濟結構戰略性調整，優化產業結構和布局，強化工業、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構以及城鄉建設和消費領域用能管理，全面建設資源節約型和環境友好型社會。	In 2011, the State Council released the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. This plan proposed the major objectives and key actions in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction during this period. China aims to establish a "reverse coercion mechanism" through the dynamic integration of its efforts in lowering the intensity of energy consumption, reducing the total emissions of major pollutants, and rationally controlling total energy consumption. The "reverse coercion mechanism" helps promote the strategic restructuring of the economy, push forward the optimization of the industrial structure, and strengthen all aspects of energy utilization management in industry, construction, transportation, and public organizations, as well as in the fields of urban and rural construction and consumption, thus contributing to the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.
——優化產業結構。中國堅持把調整產業結構作為節約能源的戰略重點。嚴格控制低水平重復建設，加速淘汰高耗能、高排放落后產能。加快運用先進適用技術改造提升傳統產業。提高加工貿易準入門檻，促進加工貿易轉型升級。改善外貿結構，推動外貿發展從能源和勞動力密集型向資金和技術密集型轉變。推動服務業大發展。培育發展戰略性新興產業，加快形成先導性、支柱性產業。	-- Optimization of the industrial structure. The country puts the adjustment of the industrial structure in the key place of its energy conservation strategy. It exercises strict control over low-level duplicated construction, and eliminates industries with high consumption and high pollutant emission, and backward productivity. China expedites the transformation of its traditional industries with advanced and applicable technology. It raises the entry threshold for processing trade, and promotes its transformation and upgrading. It improves the structure of foreign trade, and transforms its energy- and labor-intensive development mode into a capital- and technology-intensive one. It pushes forward the development of the service trades, fosters and develops emerging industries of strategic importance, and speeds up the formation of pioneer and pillar industries.
——加強工業節能。工業用能占到中國能源消費的70%以上，工業是節約能源的重點領域。國家制定鋼鐵、石化、有色、建材等重點行業節能減排先進適用技術目錄，淘汰落后的工藝、裝備和產品，發展節能型、高附加值的產品和裝備。建立完善重點行業單位產品能耗限額強制性標準體系，強化節能評估審查制度。組織實施熱電聯產、工業副產煤氣回收利用、企業能源管控中心建設、節能產業培育等重點節能工程，提升企業能源利用效率。	-- Strengthening energy conservation in industry. With its energy consumption taking up about 70 percent of China's total, industry is the major energy consumer in China. The state has drawn up catalog of advanced and applicable technologies in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction for key industries such as iron and steel, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals and building materials, for the purpose of eliminating backward technology, equipment and products, and developing energy-saving and high-value-added products and equipment. It has established and improved a mandatory standards system of quotas for energy consumption per-unit product in key industries, and strengthened the energy-saving evaluation and supervision system. It has undertaken key energy-saving projects, including simultaneous generation of heat and power, recycling of industrial by-product gas, construction of enterprise energy-control centers, and fostering of energy-saving industries, so as to increase its enterprises' energy utilization efficiency.
——實施建筑節能。國家大力發展綠色建筑，全面推進建筑節能。建立健全綠色建筑標準，推行綠色建筑評級與標識。推進既有建筑節能改造，實行公共建筑能耗限額和能效公示制度，建立建筑使用全壽命周期管理制度，嚴格建筑拆除管理。制定和實施公共機構節能規劃，加強公共建筑節能監管體系建設。推進北方采暖地區既有建筑供熱計量和節能改造，實施“節能暖房”工程，改造供熱老舊管網，實行供熱計量收費和能耗定額管理。	-- Promoting building energy conservation. China makes vigorous efforts to construct green buildings and comprehensively advance energy conservation in buildings. It sets and improves the standards for green buildings, and implements rating and identification of green buildings. It actively promotes energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and sets quotas for energy consumption by public buildings and publicizes their energy efficiency rates. It has set up a management system for the life cycles of buildings, and exercises strict control over demolition of buildings. China has also made and implemented an energy-saving plan for public institutions, and strengthened the establishment of a supervisory system for energy conservation in public buildings. It carries forward heat metering and energy efficiency renovations on existing residential heating systems in the northern regions of China, builds energy-saving greenhouses, improves the old heat-supply network, and practices metered heat-supply charging and energy consumption quota management.
——推進交通節能。全面推行公交優先發展戰略，積極推進城際軌道交通建設，合理引導綠色出行。實施世界先進水平的汽車燃料油耗量標準，推廣應用節能環保型交通工具。加速淘汰老舊汽車、機車、船舶。優化交通運輸結構，大力發展綠色物流。提高鐵路電氣化比重，開展機場、碼頭、車站節能改造。積極推進新能源汽車研發與應用，科學規劃和建設加氣、充電等配套設施。	-- Pushing forward energy conservation in transportation. China continues to give priority to public transport, actively develops intercity rail transportation, and rationally encourages green commuting. China implements the fuel economy standard of the world's advanced level for automobiles, and popularizes energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles. It speeds up the elimination of old automobiles, locomotives and ships. Vigorous efforts are made to optimize the transportation structure and develop green logistics. China increases the electrification rate in rail transportation, and launches energy-saving renovations at airports, piers and railway stations. It actively develops and popularizes new energy vehicles, and makes scientific plans for the construction of supporting facilities, including compressed natural gas filling and electricity charging facilities.
——倡導全民節能。加大節能教育與宣傳，鼓勵引導城鄉居民形成綠色消費模式和生活方式，增強全民節約意識。嚴格執行公共機構節能標準和規范，發揮政府機關示范帶頭作用。動員社會各界廣泛參與，積極開展小區、學校、政府機關、軍營和企業的節能行動，努力建立全社會節能的長效機制。推廣農業和農村節能減排，推進節能型住宅建設。	-- Promoting energy conservation among all citizens. The Chinese government will intensify efforts in energy-saving education and publicity. It works hard to bring into being a green mode of consumption and green lifestyle among urban and rural residents, and strengthens the public awareness of the importance of resource conservation. It strictly enforces the energy-saving standards of public institutions, and gives full play to the demonstration and leading role of government organs in energy conservation. It mobilizes all sectors of society to participate in energy conservation by conducting relevant activities in residential areas, schools, government organs, the armed forces and enterprises. All these measures help build a long-term mechanism of energy conservation with the participation of all sectors of society. Attention is also paid to energy conservation and emission reduction in rural areas, such as the construction of energy-saving houses.