《“981”鉆井平臺作業：越南的挑釁和中國的立場》全文
The Operation of the HYSY 981 Drilling Rig: Vietnam's Provocation and China's Position

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附件2：1958年9月4日《中華人民共和國政府關于領海的聲明》[外交部網站]
Annex 2/5: Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on China's Territorial Sea published on 4 September 1958

四、西沙群島是中國領土	IV. Xisha Islands are part of the Chinese territory
（一）西沙群島是中國固有領土，不存在任何爭議。	1. Xisha Islands are an inherent part of China's territory, over which there is no dispute.
中國最早發現、最早開發經營、最早管轄西沙群島。中國北宋（公元960-1126年）政府已把西沙群島置于自己的管轄范圍內，并派水師赴該海域巡邏。1909年，中國清政府廣東水師提督李準率軍視察西沙群島，并在永興島上升旗鳴炮，宣示主權。1911年，中華民國政府宣布將西沙群島及其附近水域劃歸海南島崖縣管轄。	China was the first to discover, develop, exploit and exercise jurisdiction over the Xisha Islands. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1126 AD), the Chinese government already established jurisdiction over the Xisha Islands and sent naval forces to patrol the waters there. In 1909, Commander Li Zhun of the Guangdong naval force of the Qing Dynasty led a military inspection mission to the Xisha Islands and reasserted China's sovereignty by hoisting the flag and firing a salvo on the Yongxing Island. In 1911, the government of the Republic of China announced its decision to put the Xisha Islands and their adjacent waters under the jurisdiction of Ya County of Hainan Island.
日本在第二次世界大戰期間侵占了西沙群島。1945年日本投降后，根據一系列國際文件，中國政府于1946年11月指派高級官員，乘軍艦赴西沙群島舉行接收儀式，并立碑紀念，派兵駐守，一度被外國非法侵占的西沙群島重新置于中國政府的管轄之下。	Japan invaded and occupied the Xisha Islands during the Second World War. After Japan's surrender in 1945, in accordance with a series of international documents, the Chinese government sent senior officials boarding military vessels to the Xisha Islands in November 1946 to hold the ceremony for receiving the islands, and a stone tablet was erected to commemorate the handover and troops were stationed there afterwards. The Xisha Islands, which had once been illegally occupied by a foreign country, were thus returned to the jurisdiction of the Chinese government.
1959年，中國政府設立“西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島辦事處”。1974年1月，中國軍民驅走了入侵西沙群島珊瑚島和甘泉島的南越西貢當局軍隊，捍衛了中國的領土主權。1992年頒布的《中華人民共和國領海及毗連區法》和1996年中國政府公布的西沙群島領海基點基線都相繼確認了中國對西沙群島的主權及領海范圍。2012年，中國政府在西沙群島永興島設立了三沙市的各類權力機關。	In 1959, the Chinese government established the Administration Office for the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands. In January 1974, the Chinese military and people drove the invading army of the Saigon authority of South Vietnam from the Shanhu Island and Ganquan Island of the Xisha Islands and defended China's territory and sovereignty. The Chinese government enacted the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone in 1992 and published the base points and baselines of the territorial waters of the Xisha Islands in 1996, both of which reaffirm China's sovereignty over the Xisha Islands and the extent of territorial waters of the islands. In 2012, the Chinese government established the various departments of Sansha city on the Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands.
（二）1974年以前，越南歷屆政府從未對中國西沙群島的主權提出過任何異議，無論在其政府的聲明、照會里，還是在報刊、地圖和教科書中，都正式承認西沙群島自古以來就是中國的領土。	2. Prior to 1974, none of the successive Vietnamese governments had ever challenged China's sovereignty over the Xisha Islands. Vietnam had officially recognized the Xisha Islands as part of China's territory since ancient times. This position was reflected in its government statements and notes as well as its newspapers, maps and textbooks.
1956年6月15日，越南民主共和國外交部副部長雍文謙接見中國駐越南大使館臨時代辦李志民，鄭重表示：“根據越南方面的資料，從歷史上看，西沙群島和南沙群島應當屬于中國領土。”越南外交部亞洲司代司長黎祿進一步具體介紹了越南方面的材料，指出：“從歷史上看，西沙群島和南沙群島早在宋朝時就已經屬于中國了。”	During a meeting with chargé d'affaires ad interim Li Zhimin of the Chinese Embassy in Vietnam on 15 June 1956, Vice Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Ung Van Khiem solemnly stated that, "according to Vietnamese data, the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands are historically part of Chinese territory." Le Loc, Acting Director of the Asian Department of the Vietnamese Foreign Ministry, who was present, specifically cited Vietnamese data and pointed out that, "judging from history, these islands were already part of China at the time of the Song Dynasty."
1958年9月4日，中國政府發表聲明（見附件2），宣布中國的領海寬度為12海里，明確指出：“這項規定適用于包括西沙群島……在內的中華人民共和國的一切領土”。9月6日，越南勞動黨中央機關報《人民報》在第一版全文刊登中國政府領海聲明。9月14日，越南政府總理范文同照會（見附件3）中國國務院總理周恩來，鄭重表示：“越南民主共和國政府承認和贊同中華人民共和國政府1958年9月4日關于領海決定的聲明”，“越南民主共和國政府尊重這項決定”。	On 4 September 1958, the Chinese government issued a declaration (see Annex 2/5), stating that the breadth of the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China shall be 12 nautical miles and making it clear that "this provision applies to all the territories of the People's Republic of China, including ... the Xisha Islands". On 6 September, NHAN DAN, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of Vietnamese Workers' Party, published on its front page the full text of the Chinese government's declaration regarding China's territorial sea. On 14 September, Premier Pham Van Dong of the government of Vietnam sent a diplomatic note (see Annex 3/5) to Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council of China, solemnly stating that "the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam recognizes and supports the declaration of the government of the People's Republic of China on its decision concerning China's territorial sea made on September 4, 1958" and "the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam respects this decision".
1965年5月9日，越南民主共和國政府就美國政府確定美軍在越南的“作戰區域”問題發表聲明，指出：“美國總統約翰遜把整個越南和越南海岸以外寬約100海里的附近海域，以及中華人民共和國西沙群島的一部分領海規定為美國武裝力量的作戰區域”，這是“對越南民主共和國及其鄰國安全的直接威脅”。	On 9 May 1965, the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued a statement with reference to the designation by the US government of the "combat zone" of the US armed forces in Vietnam. It says, "US President Lyndon Johnson designated the whole of Vietnam, and the adjacent waters which extend roughly 100 miles from the coast of Vietnam and part of the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China in its Xisha Islands as 'combat zone' of the United States armed forces ... in direct threat to the security of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and its neighbors ..."
1972年5月越南總理府測量和繪圖局印制的《世界地圖集》，用中國名稱標注西沙群島（見附件4）。1974年越南教育出版社出版的普通學校九年級《地理》教科書，在《中華人民共和國》一課（見附件5）中寫道：“從南沙、西沙各島到海南島、臺灣島、澎湖列島、舟山群島，……這些島呈弓形狀，構成了保衛中國大陸的一座‘長城’。”	The World Atlas printed in May 1972 by the Bureau of Survey and Cartography under the Office of the Premier of Vietnam designated the Xisha Islands by their Chinese names (see Annex 4/5). The geography textbook for ninth graders published by Vietnam's Educational Press in 1974 carried in it a lesson entitled "The People's Republic of China" (see Annex 5/5). It reads, "The chain of islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, the Penghu Islands and the Zhoushan Islands ... are shaped like a bow and constitute a Great Wall defending the China mainland."
越南政府現在違背自己所作的承諾，對中國西沙群島提出領土要求，嚴重違背“禁止反言”等國際法原則和國際關系基本準則。	But now the Vietnamese government goes back on its word by making territorial claims over China's Xisha Islands. That is a gross violation of the principles of international law, including the principle of estoppel, and the basic norms governing international relations.
五、妥善處理事態	V. Properly addressing the situation
中國是維護南海和平穩定、推動地區國家合作與發展的堅定力量，也是維護《聯合國憲章》宗旨和原則、國際關系基本準則和國際法基本原則的堅定力量。中國最不希望看到自己的周邊出現任何動蕩。	China is a staunch force for maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea and promoting cooperation between and development of countries in the region. China firmly upholds the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the basic norms of international relations and fundamental principles of international law. The least China wants is any turbulence in its neighborhood.
中國希望中越關系良好發展，但是不能放棄原則。中越之間的溝通渠道是通暢的。中方規勸越方從維護兩國關系和南海和平穩定大局出發，尊重中方的主權、主權權利和管轄權，立即停止對中方作業任何形式的干擾，并撤走現場所有船只和人員，緩和緊張局勢，使海上盡快恢復平靜。中方將繼續努力同越方溝通，爭取妥善處理當前事態。	China wants good relations with Vietnam, but there are principles that China cannot abandon. The channel of communication between China and Vietnam is open. China urges Vietnam to bear in mind the overall interests of the bilateral relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea, respect China's sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, immediately stop all forms of disruptions of the Chinese operation and withdraw all vessels and personnel from the site, so as to ease the tension and restore tranquility at sea as early as possible. China will continue its effort to communicate with Vietnam with a view to properly addressing the current situation.